德州诉约翰逊案 - 犯罪信息

John Williams 26-07-2023
John Williams

德州诉约翰逊 该案试图解决亵渎美国国旗是否是受第一修正案言论自由权保护的一种言论形式的问题。

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德克萨斯州居民格雷戈里-李-约翰逊(Gregory Lee Johnson)在1984年德克萨斯州达拉斯的共和党全国代表大会上焚烧美国国旗以抗议里根总统的政府政策,此举违反了德克萨斯州的一项法律,即如果该行为可能引起他人的愤怒,则禁止亵渎受尊敬的物品,包括美国国旗。 由于这个原因德州刑事上诉法院推翻了对约翰逊的定罪,从此,该案进入最高法院审理。

在5-4的裁决中,法院裁定约翰逊焚烧美国国旗的行为实际上是一种表达形式(称为 "象征性言论"),受到第一修正案的保护。 法院认为约翰逊的行为是纯粹的表达行为,仅仅因为一些人被约翰逊所表达的信息所冒犯,这并不意味着国家有权力法院在其意见中指出:"如果说第一修正案有一个基本原则,那就是政府不能仅仅因为社会认为某种思想本身具有攻击性或令人不快而禁止这种思想的表达。"法院还指出,如果它裁定这种类型的言论不受保护,它也将适用于那些旨在因此,法院裁定,不能纯粹根据观点来区分何时焚烧国旗是合适的。

然而,持反对意见的史蒂文斯法官认为,该案的判决是错误的,美国国旗作为爱国主义和国家统一的象征的独特地位超过了能够从事 "象征性言论 "的重要性。 因此,政府可以(而且应该)在宪法上允许禁止烧旗。

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John Williams

John Williams is a seasoned artist, writer, and art educator. He earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Pratt Institute in New York City and later pursued his Master of Fine Arts degree at Yale University. For over a decade, he has taught art to students of all ages in various educational settings. Williams has exhibited his artwork in galleries across the United States and has received several awards and grants for his creative work. In addition to his artistic pursuits, Williams also writes about art-related topics and teaches workshops on art history and theory. He is passionate about encouraging others to express themselves through art and believes that everyone has the capacity for creativity.